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CMCC
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DMI/SMHI
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MIROC
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RHMC
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IITM-MoES
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When was the current decadal prediction system implemented?
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2020
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2019
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2019
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2023
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2024
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Is it a coupled forecast system?
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Atmospheric model and resolution
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CAM v5: 0.9ᵒ latitude x 1.25ᵒ longitude, 30 hybrid levels up to 2 hPa
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IFS: T255 (~80km), 91 levels (model top: 0.01 hPa)
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MIROC6-AGCM: T85 (~1.4ᵒ), 81 levels
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INM-CM5: 2°x1.5° regular grid, 73 levels (top level at 60km)
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NCEP Global Forecasting System (GFS), T126 (∼1°) horizontal resolution, 64 levels
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Ocean model and resolution
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NEMO v3.6: ORCA 1ᵒ grid, 50 levels
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NEMO3.6: ORCA 1ᵒ-grid, 75 levels
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COCO: 1ᵒ with enhanced resolution in the tropics, 62 levels
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INM-CM5, 0.5°x0.25° bipolar grid, 40 levels
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GFDL Modular Ocean Model version 4p1 (MOM4p1), 0.5°x0.25° between 10S-10N becoming coarser up to 0.5° poleward of 30S-30N, 40 vertical levels
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Sea-ice model
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CICE
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LIM3
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Multi-category EVP sea-ice model as a submodule of COCO
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INM-CM5, 0.5°x0.25° bipolar ocean grid
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Sea Ice Simulator (SIS) version 1, 3 vertical layers, one snow and two ice
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Source of atmospheric initial conditions
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Full fields of ERA40 (1960-1978), ERA-Interim (1979-2018), ERA5 (2019-2020)
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Full fields of ERA40/ERA-Interim/ERA5
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6 hourly atmospheric winds, temperature and specific humidity from JRA55
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ERA5/ERA INTERIM
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NCEP CFS initial conditions
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Source of ocean and ice initial conditions
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3 members of global ocean reanalysis (CHOR for 1960-2010, CGLORS for 2011-2020)
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Addition of interpolated ORAS5-anomalies (ORAS5 backward extension used before 1979) onto model climatology
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Data assimilation based on simplified IAU for monthly ocean temperature, salinity, and sea-ice concentration
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SODA 3.4.2/operative ocean analysis of Hydrometcenter of Russia
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Ocean and ice initial conditions from reanalysis prepared by using ERA5, subsurface temperature and salinity are nudged to ORAS5 data
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Forecast Start Month
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November
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November
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November
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November
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November
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Hindcast period
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1960-2020
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1960-2018
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1960-2018
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1960-2020
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1980-2018
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Ensemble size for the hindcasts
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10
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15
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10
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15
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10
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How is the hindcast ensemble configured?
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Combinations of atmosphere, ocean and land initial conditions
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1 unperturbed and 2 perturbed atmospheric temperature initial states
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Separate coupled assimilation for each ensemble member
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Perturbed atmospheric initial conditions by small random noise
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NCMRWF-Ensemble Kalman Filter based perturbed atmospheric and surface initial conditions
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Ensemble size for the forecast
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10
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15
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10
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15
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10
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How is the forecast ensemble configured?
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Same as hindcasts
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Same as hindcasts
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Same as hindcasts
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Same as hindcasts
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Same as hindcasts
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Length of forecasts
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10 years
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10 years + 2 months
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10 years
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5 years, 15 years every 5th year (i.e. 1964,69,…2019, 2024…)
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10 years
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How are the forecast anomalies constructed?
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Lead-time dependent climatology
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Data provided as full fields, bias- and drift- correction performed by WMO LC-GPC
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Lead-time dependent climatology
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Lead-time dependent climatology
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Lead-time dependent climatology
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URL where forecast(maps) are displayed
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Not available
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Not available
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Not available
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Not available
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Not available
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Point of Contact
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panos.athanasiadis@cmcc.it
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shuting@dmi.dk, pasha.karami@smhi.se
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kimoto@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
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valentina_khan2000@yahoo.com
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darshana.jrf@tropmet.res.in
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