HadSST.4.2.0.0
The Met Office Hadley Centre's sea surface temperature dataset, HadSST.4.2.0.0
is a monthly global field of SST on a 5° latitude by 5° longitude grid from 1850 to
the present day.
The data have been adjusted to minimise the effects of changes in instrumentation
throughout the record.
HadSST.4.2.0.0 is presented as a set of 200 interchangeable realisations that
capture the temporal and spatial characteristics of the estimated uncertainties in the
biases.
In addition there are files providing the measurement and sampling uncertainties,
which must be used in addition to the ensemble to obtain a comprehensive estimate
of the uncertainty.
The data are not interpolated.
The HadSST.4.2.0.0 dataset runs from January 1850 to the present and is
updated monthly.
Brief description of the data
The SST data are taken from release 3.0.0 of the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere
Data Set, ICOADS (external web page), from 1850 to 2014
and from ICOADS release 3.0.1 from 2015 onwards.
From January 2016, these are supplemented by drifting buoy observations "Generated using
E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information" from
CMEMS
(Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service).
HadSST.4.2.0.0 is produced by taking in situ measurements of SST from
ships and buoys, rejecting measurements that fail quality checks, converting the
measurements to anomalies by subtracting climatological values from the measurements,
and calculating a robust average of the resulting anomalies on a 5° by 5° degree
monthly grid.
After gridding the anomalies, bias adjustments are applied to reduce the effects
of changes in SST measuring practices.
The uncertainties arising from undersampling and measurement error have been
calculated for the gridded monthly data, as have the uncertainties on the bias
adjustments following the procedures described in
this paper.
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30-year average sea-surface temperature anomaly maps from the latest version of
HadSST. The most recent panel shows averages from 2000 up to the present day.
Averages are only calculated for grid points where at least 20% of contributing
months contain valid data.
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References
When using the dataset in a paper, please include the following citations:
Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Atkinson,
C. P., & Killick, R. E., 2019. An Ensemble Data Set of Sea Surface Temperature Change
from 1850: The Met Office Hadley Centre HadSST.4.0.0.0 Data Set. Journal of Geophysical
Research: Atmospheres, 124. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029867
Sandford, C., and Rayner, N., 2026.
Addressing the World War 2 Warm Anomaly in HadSST.4.2.0.0. International Journal
of Climatology. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70388.
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Other information
Dataset produced in collaboration with:
